Chapter
6
6.1
Multiplexers & Cross Connectors
Multiplexing
and cross connection are very important processes in any
transmission system. This enables to set up a transmission
network with different data rates and add or drop any links out of
the network with different data rates.
The
synfonet is the main multiplexer, which is used in SDH network.
DM-2 multiplexers and DN-2 cross-connectors are used in PDH
network.
The NOKIA
SYNFONET node provides all SDH network elements in one package.
The SYNFONET node can be configured as a:
·
Terminal
Multiplexer (TM)
·
Add
and Drop Multiplexer (ADM)
·
Cross-Connect
(DXC)
·
Regenerator
(REG)
Fig
6.1 SYNFONET node
Modular
Design
The
basic structure of the SYNFONET node is a single 500 mm wide ETSI
sub rack and a set of plug-in units for electrical and optical
interfaces and cross-connection. The SDH network elements are
configured by selecting appropriate units for each individual
application. The configuration can be easily changed later by
changing or adding units thereby responding rapidly to growing
demands.
SYNFONET
PLUG-IN UNITS
STM-1
1 x STM-1 Optical Interface
STM-4
1 x STM-4 Optical Interface
140
M / STM-1E
1 x 140 Mbit/s or STM-1 Electrical Interface
34
M / 45 M
1 x 34 Mbit/s or 45 Mbit/s Electrical Interface
2
M & 2 MTA
16 x 2 Mbit/s Electrical Interfaces
TSW
0
64 Kbit/s Cross-Connect Unit
TSW
1
TU 12 (Mbit/s) Unit for STM-4
CU
Node Control and Timing Unit
SSW
16 x AU4 System Switch Unit
U
service Unit for Overhead Access
SPU
Sub rack Power Interface Unit
Internal AU4-Interface
The
NOKIA SYNFONET node has a common internal AU-4 interface for all
modules. This implementation enables mixed configuration of
interfaces and cross-connect units in a single equipment sub rack.
New functions can also be easily realized by introducing new
modules to the concept. The node can be equipped with required
cross connection capacity and level(s).
AU
4 - 140
Mbit/s level
TU
12 -
2 Mbit/s level
-
64
Kbit/s level
or all of these.
Naturally,
the cross-connect can interface directly to the network with
optical ATM-1 or STM-4 interface without the need for separate
terminal multiplexers or add/drop multiplexers.
In
the MTT transmission network SYNFONET is used to cross connect in
2 Mbit/s level. All the low level (64 Kbit/s) cross connections
are done in DN-2 cross connector.
Application Areas
SDH
networks provide a new opening for effective transmission capacity
utilization and fast service provisioning.
NOKIA’s
SYNFONET node can be used in:
·
Trunk
networks
·
Metropolitan
and local networks
·
As
backbone of access and mobile networks.
·
Point
to point networks
·
Mesh
type and ring type networks
DM-2
mux is used to multiplex 2 Mbit/s (E1) signal in to multiple of 64
Kbit/s signals. We can get up to 32 channels with 64 Kbit/s data
rate.
Physical
structure of DM-2 multiplexer consists of several cards.
·
Power
unit card
·
Control
card
·
Data
cards
·
Nx64
card , 5x64 card
Nx64
card is used to get multiple of 64 Kbit/s signals up to a maximum
of 32 signals. 5x64 card can be used to get five 64 Kbit/s signals
or two 128 Kbit/s signals.
6.4
Dynamic Node (DN-2)
THE
dynamic Node (dn-2) is a member of the flexible DYNACARD family.
The DN 2 is cross-connect equipment that has drop/insert and
multiplexing capabilities supporting up to 40x2 Mbit/s interfaces.
It has been designed to be reliable, efficient and easy to use as
well as to provide access to a large variety of services.
Main Features Of DN-2
Reliable
operation
·
Versatile
equipment and route protection alternatives.
·
Decentralized
cross-connection.
·
Duplication
of units possible.
Efficiency
·
8…2048
Kbit/s connection capability
·
Efficient
operation and maintenance
·
Compact
design with optimal mechanical alternatives
·
Up
to 40x2 Mbit/s CCITT G. 703 / G. 704 interfaces.
Ease
of use
·
Advanced
Man Machine Interface (MMI) Abundant
services
·
Direct
access to a wide range of voice and data services
·
Several
different cross-connection alternatives
Chapter
7 >>
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